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​ ** USA TROPICAL CYCLONES This assigment is about Cyclone Katrina and the man made and natural effects of this ​cyclone in New Orleans USA.

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cyclones (hurricaines) IN THE USA** **1.what is a cyclone** a cyclone is a large low pressure area that has taken the heat and water from the tropics and devlops a large circular motion. there are multiple catergories for a cyclone(hurricaines in the US) Strongest gust less than 125 km/h Typical effects - little house damage. Damage to some crops, trees and caravans. Craft may drag moorings. Strongest gust 125 - 170 km/h Typical effects - Minor house damage. Significant damage to signs, trees and caravans. Heavy damage to some crops. Risk of power failure. Small craft may break moorings. Strongest gust 170 - 225 km/h Typical effects - Some roof and wall damage. Some caravans destroyed. maybe Power failures. Strongest gust 225 - 280 km/h - roofing loss and structural damage. Many caravans destroyed and blown away. Dangerous airborne debris. Widespread power failure. Strongest gust More than 280 km/h Typical effects - Extremely dangerous with widespread destruction. A cyclone apears as a large tornado but a cyclone is devloped by a large low pressure system passing over tropical water as the heat from the water enters into the large system the air current becomes visable as clouds are made as the water vapour solidifies. on the map belows the lines show the most common routes for huricaines, cyclones, typhoons the numbers are showing the average pressure for low pressure systems in the area. The failure of the levys was due to system design flaws for the most of the parts of the levy though part stayed working, combined with the lack of adequate maintenance cheking and testing the pumps. Apparently, the designers, builders and maintenance people did not devote enough time or attention to the levys in the region. so thus made it weaker than it shoud be.
 * Category 1**
 * Category 2**
 * Category 3**
 * Category 4**
 * Category 5**
 * // Human effects of the hazard //**
 * // Human effects of the hazard //**
 * 1) More than one million Gulf Coast residents have been displaced and many of the refugees were living below the poverty line before the storm struck. How many people are under the poverty line now?.
 * 2) The total death toll was at 1,836, primarily from Louisiana (1,577) and Mississippi (238). It’s very difficult to determine the exact cause of the deaths but they were all caused either directly or indirectly by the Hurricane.
 * 3) An estimated 80% of New Orleans was under water, up to 20 feet deep in places that is twice if not three times as deep as your normal swiming pool.
 * 4) Hurricane Katrina caused $75 billion in estimated physical damages, the most costly hurricane in history, but it is estimated that the total economic impact in Louisiana and Mississippi may exceed $150 billion.

6.Before the hurricane, the region supported approximately one million non-farm jobs, with 600,000 of them in New Orleans, but hundreds of thousands of local residents were left unemployed by the hurricane.



As you can see in the below photo the huge vat of oil that has been crushed by the wind combined with the water that has smashed in to sides of the stucture mking it crumble. .

This is a photo showing where the levy broke.Then you get what you see right under this text, a flooded neighbourhood.

Peoples houses are flooded. Imagine the elderly not as mobile and not have the time to stock up on food and fresh water. All the preparation they could do can't stop the sheer force of water coming into the houses and flooding.

$105 billion for repairs and reconstruction in the region, making it the most expencive natural disaster in the US's history. And this does not account for damage to the economy of New Orleans and other areas around there.

there are a lot of ways a cyclone (hurricaine) can impact a environmental area
 * Natrual damage by cyclones **
 * litter was in the ocean, destroying animals' habitats
 * trees were uprooted and turned over
 * metal, glass and other debris was thrown all over town
 * gardens were pulled out of the ground
 * dead plants flooded in an garden.
 * fish throw out of the ocean
 * animals drowned


 * The Environmental effects**

Analysts estimate that seven million gallons of oil spilled throughout the region Meanwhile, flooding at five mager construction sites which then cloged the drain system. Hurricane Katrina has had a huge impact on the ecosystem of the Gulf Coast. Because of the loss of wetlands, the hurricane’s impact was huge. The influx of salt water will greatly damage the habitats of many plants and animals in the area. The chemical plants in New Orleans could have had a devastating effect if they had been hit by the eye of the storm. Finally, wildlife in the area will have no home to return to. All these things will cause problems in the ecosystem of the Gulf Coast for years to come.


 * Cyclone Katrina Statistics**

At least 1,500 people were killed and around $300 billion worth of damage was caused when Hurricane Katrina hit the south-eastern part of the USA. Arriving in late August 2005 with winds of up to 127 mph, the storm caused widespread flooding.

Summary of the effects of cyclone Katrina

food and lack of fresh water || - thus failing ||
 * 1 || No of deaths || 1,836 people ||
 * 2 || Estimated cost of physical damage || $ 75 billion dollars ||
 * 3 || Economic impact || $ 150 billion ||
 * 4 || total costs || $ 300 billion ||
 * 5 || Environmental impact || loss of animal habitats, polluted waters, loss of wetlands ||
 * 6 || approximate water depth || 20 m or several times deeper than the average backyard swimming pool ||
 * 7 || category of cyclone || category 4 ||
 * 8 || human impact || loss of homes, loss of personal belongings, human hardship included lack of
 * 9 || job figures || 600,000 non farm jobs emplyoed After cyclone hundreds of thousands unemployed ||
 * 10 || Industry impact || oil vats crushed, farms destroyed ||
 * 11 || natural damage || tress uprooted, animals drowned, habitals detroyed including wetlands ||
 * 12 || preventative measures || levy banks failed - reqauired further regular maintenance than what had been done

after hurrcaince katrina the looting and volence was out of control all over new orleans and with the police doing search and resuce the state of new orleans was forced into a state of marshall law when the army takes over the city. the building codes did not really change for the area but there was a lot more warning about hurricaines after the devestaion and loss of life the goverment did not want a event like this agin on american soil. I agree with what the goverment did (enforcing marshall law) because the police and other groups were under to much pressure because of the storm nand they needed a lot of help.

The disaster recovery response to Hurricane Katrina included federal government agencies such as the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), state and local-level agencies, federal and National Guard soldiers, non-governmental organizations, charities, and private individuals. Tens of thousands of volunteers and troops responded or were deployed to the disaster - most in the affected area but also throughout the U.S. at shelters set up in at least 19 states.

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