Emma-Tropical+Cyclones+in+Australia



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//__ How is a cyclone formed? __// Tropical cyclones are formed when a cold air mass encounters a warm air mass which is over tropical sea, the water has to be 27 degrees or over. The cold air currents substitute the warm air currents which are quickly getting higher. This creates a cyclone, a column of air spinning really fast called they eye of the cyclone.Cyclones cause alot of havoc and damage because of the high winds that they produce. ====== There are many names for cyclones,they vary as to what country it happens in. In America they are called hurricanes and in Asia they are called typhoons.Sometimes cyclones are even called twisters in America because of the twisting motion. For cyclones to actually occur you need the right atmospheric conditions. These conditions must be in the tropics of Capricorn and the tropics of Cancer.Cyclones only ever happen in the tropics because it isn't warm enough any where else.Occasionally cyclones move out of the tropics,but they die down very quickly because it is to cold for them outside the tropics. For a cyclone to occur you need a cold air mass and a warm air mass the intertwine and begin to form a spirally pattern over water that is 27 degrees Celsius or more. Humans may help to create the right conditions for cyclones to form. Global warming heats up the oceans more than the temperature they previously were. Cyclones leave a trail of destruction,the tables below show the damage they would have on the built environment and the natural environment. Trees would most likely fall over and branches might snap of. Shrubs and bushes would either be uprooted or badly damaged by the high winds. ||
 * __ The atmospheric conditions __**
 * Part of natural environment || Effect of cyclone ||
 * Plants || Plants would be in trouble if a storm came because they can’t run away.
 * Animals || Animals might sense before the storm that something was about to happen. This may mean that the animal would escape the storm before it happened. Though some animals might stay behind and be either injured or maybe even killed. ||
 * Micro-organisms || Micro-organisms wouldn’t suffer as much as everything else because normal winds would throw them around normally so they can deal with it more easily than other living things. ||
 * Soil and rocks(land) || The soil and rocks aren’t alive so, it wouldn’t hurt them. Although if to much of the soil around plants and trees was blown away it may mean that the tree and plants would fall over unless they had particularly deep roots. ||
 * The sea || The sea would suffer a great deal more than land during a cyclone because cyclones are formed at sea; this means that it is the most dangerous time for a cyclone. This is because the winds are highest at sea which causes torrential rain and can cause flooding. ||

Also the injuries obtained from this disaster would be very horrific. || Protection and survival strategies suggested by the government of Australia. Checklist written and provided by the bureau of meteorology website, __ [|Copyright] Commonwealth of Australia 2010, Bureau of Meteorology__. These strategies provided by the government are very informative and clear. These instructions have been split into 6 parts
 * Part of human environment || Cyclone effect ||
 * Buildings || Most buildings unless specially built would be very vulnerable to collapsing when the strong winds came. After the cyclone only rubble would be left from the collapsed buildings. ||
 * People || People would have been killed by collapsing buildings and the objects that were caught in the wind.
 * Plants || Trees would uproot and plants would be thrashed around in the high winds. Farms would be destroyed and afterward there wouldn’t be any food left. ||
 * Animals || Animals would panic and die in collapsing buildings.Live stock would be lost. Pets would also most likely die in this situation. ||
 * 1) before the cyclone season
 * 2) when a cyclone watch is issued
 * 3) when a cyclone warning has been issued
 * 4) on warning of local evacuation
 * 5) when the cyclone strikes
 * 6) after the cyclone

__ Before the cyclone season __

 * Check with your local council or your building control authority to see if your home has been built to cyclone standards.
 * Check that the walls, roof and eaves of your home are secure.
 * Trim treetops and branches well clear of your home (get council permission).
 * Preferably fit shutters, or at least metal screens, to all glass areas.
 * Clear your property of loose material that could blow about and possibly cause injury or damage during extreme winds.
 * In case of a storm surge/tide warning, or other flooding, know your nearest safe high ground and the safest access route to it.
 * Prepare an emergency kit containing:
 * a portable battery radio, torch and spare batteries;
 * water containers, dried or canned food and a can opener;
 * matches, fuel lamp, portable stove, cooking gear, eating utensils; and
 * A first aid kit and manual, masking tape for windows and waterproof bags.
 * Keep a list of emergency phone numbers on display.
 * Check neighbors, especially if recent arrivals, to make sure they are prepared.
 * ====__ When a cyclone watch is issued __====
 * Re-check your property for any loose material and tie down (or fill with water) all large, relatively light items such as boats and rubbish bins.
 * Fill vehicles' fuel tanks. Check your emergency kit and fill water containers.
 * Ensure household members know which is the strongest part of the house and what to do in the event of a cyclone warning or an evacuation.
 * Tune to your local radio/TV for further information and warnings.
 * Check that neighbors are aware of the situation and are preparing.

**__ When a cyclone warning is issued __**
Depending on official advice provided by your local authorities as the event evolves; the following actions may be warranted. > valuables, important papers, photos and mementos in waterproof bags to be taken with > your emergency kit. Large/heavy valuables could be protected in a strong cupboard.
 * If requested by local authorities, collect children from school or childcare centre and go home.
 * Park vehicles under solid shelter (hand brake on and in gear).
 * Put wooden or plastic outdoor furniture in your pool or inside with other loose items.
 * Close shutters or board-up or heavily tape all windows. Draw curtains and lock doors.
 * Pack an evacuation kit of warm clothes, essential medications, baby formula, nappies,
 * Remain indoors (with your pets). Stay tuned to your local radio/TV for further information.

__ On warning of local evacuation __
Based on predicted wind speeds and storm surge heights, evacuation may be necessary. Official advice will be given on local radio/TV regarding safe routes and when to move.
 * Wear strong shoes (not thongs) and tough clothing for protection.
 * Lock doors; turn off power, gas, and water; take your evacuation and emergency kits.
 * If evacuating inland (out of town), take pets and leave early to avoid heavy traffic, flooding and wind hazards.
 * If evacuating to a public shelter or higher location, follow police and State/Territory Emergency
 * Services directions.
 * If going to a public shelter, take bedding needs and books or games for children.
 * Leave pets protected and with food and water.

__ When the cyclone strikes __
> i.e. cellar, internal hallway or bathroom. Keep evacuation and emergency kits with you. > strong table or bench or hold onto a solid fixture, e.g. a water pipe. > will soon resume from another direction. Wait for the official 'all clear'. > power lines and streams. Stay in the vehicle.
 * Disconnect all electrical appliances. Listen to your battery radio for updates.
 * Stay inside and shelter {well clear of windows) in the strongest part of the building,
 * If the building starts to break up, protect yourself with mattresses, rugs or blankets under a
 * Beware the calm 'eye'. If the wind drops, don't assume the cyclone is over; violent winds
 * If driving, stop (handbrake on and in gear) - but well away from the sea and clear of trees,

__ After the cyclone __

 * Don't go outside until officially advised it is safe.
 * Check for gas leaks. Don't use electric appliances if wet.
 * Listen to local radio for official warnings and advice.
 * If you have to evacuate, or did so earlier, don't return until advised. Use a recommended route and don't rush.
 * Beware of damaged power lines, bridges, buildings, trees, and don't enter flood waters.
 * Heed all warnings and don't go sightseeing. Check/help neighbors instead.
 * Don't make unnecessary telephone calls.

__ Some unofficial protection and survival strategies provided by me. __
 * 1) Make sure you have sufficient supplies for during the cyclone.eg.food, water, clothing ETC.
 * 2) Find the strongest part of your house for a place to stay during the cyclone.
 * 3) Make sure there aren’t any lose objects around the backyard that could fly around.
 * 4) Board up windows and glass doors.
 * 5) Bring all pets inside for safety.
 * 6) Listen to a radio (battery powered) for cyclone updates.
 * 7) Even if you think the cyclone has stopped don’t go outside until the official radio updates tell you to, because the calm around your house may be the eye of the cyclone.

=__Financial costs of cyclone damage__= Cyclones not only bring destruction to a society they also bring financial problems,this is after the cyclone hits, when all the buildings are destroyed. The damaged caused by cyclone Tracy was a great example of this .Tracy caused hundreds of millions of dollars damaged to Darwin. Cyclones destroy __everything__ in their path, buildings, gardens, play equipment ECT. The picture above shows the devastation left by cyclone Tracy that hit Darwin on the 25th of December. The government sometimes restricts where people can live(land with a threat)This is so that people don’t live where cyclones most commonly happen. The government tries to make sure that people are living in safe areas (hazard free).

__Immediate effects of cyclones__
The bureau of meteorology provides a commercial Weather service that is used to show severe weather forecasting. Also during severe cyclones the radio is used to update the people in the cyclone’s area about the cyclone.
 * Housing || Housing would be a really big problem after a cyclone because almost every home would be destroyed so people would have to live in disaster response shelters and millions of dollars would be put into rebuilding homes. ||
 * health || People who got caught in the cyclone outside a shelter would be most likely dead or unconscious. People may have also been killed or severely injured by collapsing buildings. ||
 * food || Food would be very scarce because most supermarkets and food stores would be destroyed. Personal food supplies may be around from people who got food during the cyclone preparation time. ||
 * water || Unless the disaster struck zone already had a huge supply of bottled water then the people who survived the. ||
 * __Disaster warnings__**

After cyclones a lot of people are injured.Police officers help to evacuate everybody from the disaster zone and the extremely injured people are air lifted to nearby hospitals.
 * __Disaster response__**

__Cyclones in Australia__
One of the major cyclones in Australia Was cyclone Tracey. Cyclone Tracey struck Darwin on the 25th of December (Christmas eve) 1974. This is a link to a video about the destruction that cyclone Tracey left behind. [|darwin.http://www.ntlib.nt.gov.au/tracy/advanced/Tracyvideo.html] Cyclone Tracy took 71 lives and caused $837 million in damage to,buildings and the land.The diagram below show cyclone Tracy's route from the ocean to Darwin. .

Pictures: [] accessed on the 21/3/10 [|www.solsticebahamas.com/images/tropic.jpg] accessed on the 21/3/10 Websites: http://www.ntlib.nt.gov.au/tracy/advanced/emergency.html accessed on the 21/3/10 [] accessed on the 19/3/10 [] accessed on the 19/3/10 [] accessed on the 20/3/10 Books: Humanities 2 By Mraz.j, Anderson.m, Chapman.s and Bedson.c. Last published in 2007 by john Wiley and sons Australia Videos: [] Websites: [] [] [] []
 * //__Bibliography__//**
 * Photos: **